Saturday, February 15, 2020

Racial disparity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Racial disparity - Research Paper Example This paper shall discuss the racial disparities in health in the United States. It shall discuss what researchers have found as causes for such disparities. This paper is being carried out in order to establish a clear and comprehensive discussion of the subject matter and to establish reasons for the existence of the phenomenon. Discussion The racial disparities in the United States in relation to health are considered significant. For one, the current death rate for blacks registers at about 100,000 blacks dying each year (Levine, et.al., 2001). The different diseases or health issues as well as causes for mortality shall be specifically discussed by this paper. Death rates for coronary heart disease have registered at a higher rate for blacks as compared to whites, with about 30% of blacks more likely to die from the disease. Cancers now register at a higher rate for blacks as compared to whites. Cancer death rates have also been higher for blacks as compared to whites with lung a nd ovarian cancer increasing for both blacks and whites, and colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer increasing among blacks and remaining stable for whites (Piffath, et.al., 2001). The various causes for such racial disparity shall be assessed in terms of socioeconomic status, residential conditions, and medical care. Socioeconomic status is a definite predictor of health with those in the lower classes likely to experience more illnesses and higher rates of death. Such health status is also influenced by race with those in the minority races likely to experience lower economic conditions and consequently compromised health status (Williams and Jackson, 2005). Education is also a factor in racial disparities in health. The homicide rates among African-American males not having completed high school registers at a rate five times higher as compared to black males having completed college. Moreover, there is also a â€Å"ninefold difference in homicide rates by education for white m ales, a fourfold difference for black females, and a sixfold difference for white females† (Williams and Jackson, 2005). The rate for homicides among African-American males with higher education is eleven times higher than their white counterparts. Income disparities also impact on racial differences in health, especially in terms of coronary heart disease and cancer mortality (Williams and Jackson, 2005). Studies claim that death rates for these two diseases are higher among low income blacks and whites as compared to those in the middle class (Williams and Jackson, 2005). Moreover, blacks also have higher rates of mortality from heart diseases as compared to whites. In the low and middle income female blacks, they incur higher rates of mortality for heart diseases as compared to the white low and middle income white females (Williams and Jackson, 2005). The above picture portrays a clear racial disparity in the health care system of the United States. This disparity is large ly disadvantageous for African-American men and women who mostly belong to the lower income group who are often uninsured and who do not have as much access to health care as their higher income and their white counterparts. Some analysts claim that the cause of racial discrimination may be credited to residential segregation and neighborhood quality (Williams and Collins, 2001). Segregation has caused the middle-class African-Americans to reside

Sunday, February 2, 2020

International strategy operation Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International strategy operation - Coursework Example In this context, the unattractiveness of the ‘mass market’ segment of the auto industry would be based on the following fact: the profits generated by the firms operating in the specific field are low. The above condition would be checked using Porter’s Five Forces model. Through this model the competitive environment of an organization can be evaluated. In this way, a strategy can be identified so that the organization involved is better positioned in its market2. The above approach has been characterized as ‘outside-in’ approach emphasizing primarily on each firm’s external environment and not on the organizational resources3. In the context of the Five Forces model, the ‘mass market’ segment of the auto industry would have to face the following forces: a) new entrants4; competition in the automotive industry is extremely high. Even if the number of new entrants is kept at low levels, the market share of the industry’s lea ding firms is so high that it is difficult for medium firms of the particular industry to standardize their market position. Even the industry’s major competitors often face difficulties in keeping their competitiveness high; b) bargaining power of customers5; customers can choose among a high range of cars of the particular category. ... ?s major competitors there are firms operating locally increasing the challenges for the industry’s multinationals8; e) substitute products9; in the context of the ‘mass market’ it is quite easy for substitute products to appear at the level that the technology used in cars of the ‘mass market’ can be easily adopted by the industry’s small manufacturers. According to the issues discussed above, the chances for profits in the ‘mass market’ segment of the automotive industry are limited, a fact that harms the attractiveness of the industry’s specific segment. 2. Explain why profitability is generally higher at the luxury and ultra-luxury end of the auto industry. In order to understand why profitability is higher at the luxury and ultra-luxury end of the auto industry, it would be necessary to evaluate the characteristics of the above segment using an appropriate strategic tool, such as the PESTEL analysis. The above tool help s to analyze the macro-environment of an industry, or of an industry’s segment, so that the current status and the prospects of the particular industry are effectively evaluated. The PESTEL analysis focuses on six elements of a firm’s macro-environment, as these elements are able to influence the performance of organizations operating in the industry involved: Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal. The PESTEL analysis for the luxury and ultra luxury end of the auto industry would be developed as follows: a) Political: political conditions worldwide are not stable. Strong political conflicts are developed in most countries in the international community. In such political environment it would be quite difficult for an industry’s profits to be standardized. The luxury and the ultra luxury end of