Is the American Dream Dead? Essay

The notion American dream is a fundamental part of the American society and culture, dozens of books, articles and songs deals with this topic, politicians often mention it in their speeches. Though the phrase has different meanings to different people, it suggests an underlying belief that hard work pays off and that the next generation will have a better life than the previous generation. Nowadays this belief is challenged and more and more concern is articulated in connection with the American dream in the 21st century. As comedian, author and social critic George Carlin have put it: â€Å"It’s called the American dream because you have to be asleep to believe it.† In what follows I would like to explore the theme of the American dream as a whole and consider its juncture in the 21st century by elaborating on its past and present. The evolution of the American dream Historian James Truslow Adams is credited for being the first popularizing the idea of the American dream in his book The Epic of America (1931). He characterizes the American dream as â€Å"that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement.† But the same idea existed since the colonist times. In 1630 John Winthrop give a sermon to his fellow Puritan colonists in which he detailed his vision of a society in which everyone would have a chance to prosper, as long as they all worked together and followed Biblical teachings. Eventually, the hope for equality of opportunity evolved in colonists’ mind into a God-given right. More than a hundred years later Thomas Jefferson in the Declaration of Independence  asserted that every American – except the slaves – have the right to â€Å"life, liberty and pursuit of happiness.† As grew America in the 19th century, so did the number of immigrants who saw the continent as a land of opportunity where anything could be achieved if a person dared to dream big enough. The words â€Å"American dream† gradually began to appear in newspaper articles and books in the mid- to late-1800s. The first difficulties appeared during the Great Depression in the 1930s. It affected both the rich and the poor. The self-made millionaires lost their fortune, Americans of humbler means lost their jobs and homes. With the beginning of Roosevelt’s presidency a new era begin in the American history and so did in the evolution of the Dream. In a 1941 speech Roosevelt visioned a new, government-assisted American dream, which included full employment, government help for the elderly and those unable to work, and â€Å"enjoyment of the fruits of scientific progress in a wider and constantly rising standard of living.† Previously the achievement of the American dream depended on the individual’s ability and hard-work, now, due to the Depression the government’s assistance was needed. The post-World War II prosperity meant for many Americans the fulfillment of the Dream, so that he faith in the American dream was restored least for the majority. By this time the American dream was equal to amassing wealth, but the other important aspect sank into oblivion. In a 1964 speech entitled â€Å"The American Dream,† civil rights leader Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr voiced this other aspect which Thomas Jefferson’s statement: â€Å"All men are equal†. For King the Dream was that same rights and opportunities would be granted for everyone regardless of skin-color. In the 1970s, with the U.S. economy stalling, inflation on the rise and the nation torn by both racial strife and an angry divide over the Vietnam War the idea of the American dream got questioned once again. A french historian Ingrid Carlander in her book (Les Americaines) claimed that the American dream was dead. These circumstances lead to the transform of the Dream again. In 1980 Ronald Reagen took office, who was the embodiment of the American dream. He had risen to presidency from a humble farm family in Illinois.  Therefore his words seems to be credited when he claimed that America is still a place where â€Å"everyone can rise as high and far as his ability will take him†. His solution to the crisis of the Dream was to disestablish the dependency on the government by cutting taxes. At first sight it seemed to be successful, but Congressional Budget Office data shows the opposite. Between 1979 and 2005, the income of the bottom 99 percent of U.S. households grew 21 percent after taxes, a rate of less than one percent a year, not enough to keep up with inflation. But during that same period, the after-tax income of the richest one percent of Americans grew by 225 percent. In 1979, the richest one percent made eight times as much as the typical middle-class family. In 2005, the richest made 21 times as much as the middle-class. The data shows that the inequality between the rich and the poor broadened the tax cuts were too efficient for the rich. The American dream in the 21st century In the modern American society the faith in the American dream is declining. Zachary Karabell in his article â€Å"American Dream May Have Waned for Some, But Lives On for Many† claims that opinion about the American dream’s existence appears to be split 50-50. In spite of this the lost in faith is much more emphasized in the press. The skepticism grows and it is mainly because of the Great Recession. The financial and opportunity differences between the poor and rich which started under Raegen deepen. A recent New York Times study confirms the inequalities, it shows that income mobility greatly depends on what part of the U.S. you live in. As Karabell have put in his other article† A new American dream for a new American century† â€Å"Those who live in metropolitan areas, as well as those with more higher education and wealthier parents, have significantly more upward mobility than many in rural areas.† These obstacles to the upward movement on the â€Å"income ladder† is something truly against the American dream. Those who did not lose faith in the dream completely, redefined it. The survey, conducted by GFK Custom Research for Credit.com, found that most respondents (27.9%) said the American Dream is retiring financially secure at 65, though coming in at second place, 23% defined it as being debt-free. The other options were owning a home (18.2%), graduating from college or  paying off your student loans (6.6%) and joining the 1% (4.3%). The responses were rounded out by: other (11.4%), none (0.2%) and don’t know/no response (8.5%). The old definition of the American dream was two and a half thriving, college-bound kids, a dog or cat and not one, but two cars in the garage that were owned outright, finally and most importantly owning a house according to Adam Levin (â€Å"The New American Dream: It’s Not What You Think†) As we can see the new generation have much less expectation, the dream would come into reality if they could achieve basic financial stability. To conclude, the American dream is an as old idea as the country itself. It went through hardships erstwhile and thrived after them, what changed is that Western-Europe closed up in providing equality of opportunity so that America lost its uniqueness in this respect. Stating the American dream’s death is maybe premature, but in the long run its distinctness as a land of potential and possibility will fade out, and becomes one out of my where the individual can realize his/her dreams.

Quantitative analysis of vitamin C in food products Essay

There is growing evidence that Vitamin C serves as a potent antioxidant in vitro. There are many functions that Vitamin C has in the body among which is the capacity to improve the immunity system such that a person is more able to fight off colds and flus. Pre-Lab: List five other functions of Vitamin C in the human body. Vitamin C is another name for ascorbic acid. There is a marked similarity between the structure of glucose and Vitamin C. As a matter of fact, plants and most animals are able to synthesize Vitamin C from glucose. Unfortunately, humans are unable to do this and we must include Vitamin C in our diet or we risk a vitamin deficiency disease. We all recognize citrus fruits as a valuable vitamin C source, but few of us realize that many freshly harvested vegetables contain considerably more of this vitamin than do oranges or lime. Unfortunately, storage and processing destroy most of the Vitamin C in vegetables before they reach the consumer. Consumer cooking methods further decrease the amount of vitamin C in vegetables. Vitamin C is water soluble and thus leaches out while cooking or steaming. One useful analytical method for measuring the Vitamin C content of a vegetable or fruit involves an oxidation-reduction titration of ascorbic acid. In the titration, ascorbic acid is oxidized to form dehydroascorbic acid. You might think it unusual to oxidize the acid rather than titrate it with a base. However, biological samples contain many substances that also act as acids (as was mentioned in Experiment 3) and thus interfere in a titration of ascorbic acid with a base. In contrast, many fewer components of biological materials interfere with the oxidation of ascorbic acid by the oxidizing agent 2, 6-dichloroindophenol (DCP). Thus, an oxidation-reduction titration of ascorbic acid with DCP provides a more selective analysis than would an acid-base titration. Please note the equation for the reaction below: C6H8O6 (colorless) + C12H7O2NCl2(red) –> (pH3) C6H6O6 (Colorless) + C12H9O2NCl2 (colorless) This titration is particularly convenient because DCP also serves as its own indicator. As we add DCP solution to a solution containing Vitamin C, the reaction mixture remains colorless until all of the Vitamin C has been converted to dehydroascorbic acid. The next drop of DCP solution added imparts a red color from excess DCP to the mixture, indicating both the equivalence point and the endpoint of the titration. (Expect solution to go from red to colorless —–then at the endpoint red again). Because DCP solutions have a relatively short shelf life, we usually standardize such solutions immediately prior to using them. We can perform the standardization conveniently by titrating aliquots of an ascorbic acid solution prepared from an accurately-weighed sample of reagent-grade ascorbic acid. The standardization titration reaction is the same as the analysis reaction above. In this experiment, you will begin by standardizing a DCP solution. Then you will determine the vitamin C content of liquid and solid food samples by titration with the standardized DCP solution. Prior to performing the titrations, you will treat the food samples with metaphosphoric acid. Treatment with this acid serves to denature and precipitate proteins that would otherwise interfere with the analysis. Acidification of thesample also serves to stabilize the ascorbic acid, which will otherwise decompose and be undetectable. Acidification to pH less than 4 also minimizes reaction of DCP with other compounds which react with DCP only at pH levels greater than 4.

A governing body Essay Example for Free

A governing body Essay Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA Haven't found the essay you want? Get your custom sample essay for only $13.90/page ? A governing body is eminent in every populace. Although the governing bodies of the United States and Sweden are both administered by Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches, the role they play in the politics of their respective countries differs greatly. Both countries are subject to laws set forth by age-old constitutions. There is also variance in the number of representative parties for the population of each country. It is important to look at the age of the country and its influence on the government. The period of time in which countries are founded is very important in showing why certain countries have the institutions that they do. The early Swedish government was formed by aristocrats who nominated a king that used his rule to influence religion. This aspect of Sweden’s political history differs from that of the U. S. , which was founded hundreds of years later to be ruled by representation. U. S. Government The United States is the world’s oldest representative democracy. The government is regulated by a system of checks and balances defined by the Constitution. Citizens are subject to three levels of government: federal, state, and local levels; most areas are subject to multiple local governments, such as county or metropolitan governments in addition to municipal government. The federal government is comprised of three branches, which are designed to check and balance one another’s powers. The Legislative branch is made up of the Senate and the House of Representatives, which makes federal law, declares war, approves treaties, and has the power of making decisions regarding the budget and taxation, also known as â€Å"Power of the Purse. † The Executive branch is comprised of the President, who appoints, with Senate approval, the Cabinet and other officers. The Cabinet administers and enforces federal laws. The president is also Commander-in-Chief of the military. The Judicial branch is the Supreme Court and lower federal courts, whose judges are appointed by the President with Senate approval. The Judicial branch interprets laws and can overturn laws they deem unconstitutional. The United States Constitution is the supreme legal document that governs the American system. The document is considered a social contract for the people of the United States, regulating their affairs through government chosen by and populated by the people. All laws and procedures of both state and federal governments are subject to review, and any law ruled by the Judicial branch to be in violation of the Constitution can be overturned. The Constitution can be amended by two methods, both of which require the approval of three-fourths of the states. Officials at all three levels are either elected by voters in a secret ballot or appointed by other elected officials. Executive and legislative offices are decided by a plurality vote of citizens in their districts. Judicial and cabinet-level offices are nominated by the Executive branch and approved by the Legislature in the federal government and most states, although some state judges are elected by popular vote. American politics is dominated by the Republican Party and the Democratic Party. Members of these two parties hold the majority of elected offices across the country at federal, state, and lower levels. Independent or third party candidates tend to do better in lower-level elections; however, there are currently two independent members of the Senate. Within American political culture, the Republican Party is considered conservative and the Democratic Party is considered liberal. Swedish Politics Information published by Nations Encyclopedia advises Sweden is a constitutional monarchy, of which King Carl XVI Gustaf is currently the head of state, but royal power is limited to official and ceremonial functions. The nation’s modern legislative body is the Swedish Parliament, also known as Riksdag, with 349 members, which chooses the Prime Minister. The Riksdag holds supreme authority in modern Sweden. The Riksdag is responsible for choosing the Prime Minister, who then appoints the ministers. The legislative power is then shared between the parliament and the Prime Minister-led government. The executive power is exercised by the government, while the Judiciary, unlike that of the United States is independent. Sweden’s judiciary system also lacks the ability to review laws that may be in violation of the constitution. Acts of the parliament and government decrees can be made inapplicable at every level if they are against constitutional laws. Legislation may be initiated by the Cabinet or by members of Parliament. Members are elected on the basis of proportional representation, or full representation versus the plurality voting system used in the U. S. The Constitution of Sweden can be altered by the Riksdag, which requires an absolute majority and two decisions with general elections in between. Since 1932, the Cabinets have been dominated by the Social Democrats. The following political parties currently hold seats in the Riksdag: Social Democrats, Moderates, Centre Party, Liberal People’s Party, Christian Democrats, Left Party, and Greens. There are six other parties, however, they do not currently hold any of the seats of the Riksdag. The six parties are: Swedish Democrats, Feminist Initiative, The Pirate Party, June List, The Health Care Party, and National Democrats. Religious and Cultural Aspects of Government Historicizing the formation of the Swedish government is to review the affects of aristocracy on government and government on religion. In the middle ages, struggle for power between powerful families and Great Men, also known as Stormannen, caused politically unstable situations. Sweden was a kingdom where the king was elected by members of a council of aristocrats; therefore, the throne was not inherited. The presence of powerful Great Men and chiefs meant that the king’s influence was often quite limited. His political and fiscal control over the country depended upon support from the aristocracy. During the late Middle Ages political anarchy came about in Sweden. Constant struggle for power between a number of families and the Danish King Kristian II ended in the Bloodbath of Stockholm in the early 1500s. The result of this struggle enabled Gustav Vasa to become king in 1521. The most important reform Gustav Vasa made was the reformation of the Church. â€Å"The king was able to gain political control, as well as control the property of the Church, all Swedes suddenly became Protestants instead of Catholics†(History World, 2007). This made it possible for the king to establish himself, not the Pope, as head of the Church, and also to use the Church as a pedagogic tool on the people according to History World. Because everyone had to attend church on Sundays, the state could reach almost the entire populace with information, propaganda, and a certain amount of education. The Bible was, for instance, translated from Latin to Swedish during this time. This had a positive impact on literacy among the ordinary people. In the United States, the formation of the government was influenced by agenda and innovationists rather than religion or how politics could influence religion. â€Å"Our Founding Fathers were not known to practice Christian orthodoxy†(White House, 2007). Although they supported the free exercise of any religion, they believed there could be dangers in incorporating a religion into the creation of a government to serve all people. Most of them believed in deism and attended Freemasonry lodges. According to John J. Robinson, â€Å"Freemasonry had been a powerful force for religious freedom†(Free Masons, 2007). Freemasons took seriously the principle that men should worship according to their own conscious. Masonry welcomed anyone from any religion or non-religion, as long as they believed in a Supreme Being. Washington, Franklin, Hancock, Hamilton, Lafayette, and many others accepted Freemasonry. According to the Free Masonry Organization, in order to be a Free Mason, one must believe in the existence of a â€Å"Supreme Being,† which includes the â€Å"gods† of Islam, Hinduism, or any other world religion. Although many believe the anti-Biblical and anti-Christian beliefs and practices of this organization are partially hidden beneath an outward appearance of a supposed compatibility with the Christian faith, the organization supports every religion. The influence of a non-uniform Christian society on the U. S. government was probably due to the combinations of cultures and backgrounds of the individuals making up the fairly new society. The compilation of cultures that continues to make up U. S. society varies greatly from those of the Swedish culture at the time their government was developed. Sweden was a very old country; therefore, the majority of the inhabitants had lived there most, if not all, of their lives. The governments of the United States and Sweden both represent their diverse populations through their respective governments. The greatest variance in the way branches operate is in the Judicial system. In the United States, the Judicial System ensures that laws are upheld and amended to meet changing times without going against the Constitution. The Swedish Judicial branch lacks the ability to review laws that may be against their constitution. A governing body. (2017, Mar 02).

Management Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 2

Management Portfolio - Essay Example While such a person may also be called as a civil engineer, specific term to be used here would e that of a â€Å"project manager.† To clarify, while civil engineer in involved in the making of the above mentioned processes, namely design, construction and maintenance, a project manager is someone who mobilizes the entire workforce and is also responsible for all the action that happens on the work front. Thus, it is the project manager who is responsible for the management of the whole project, mobilizing and compartmentalizing the required workforce, while also looking into other managerial aspects of the project. Now that we are clear on the civil engineering and project manager, it will be easy to imply how the role of effective management makes for an effective project manager. A project manager should possess the set benchmarks qualifying the person as a project manager. Besides, being fully equipped with the information and legislations involved in the making of a project, apart from other features, is what will make a project manager successful in his endeavors to manage the project. There are several management constraints that the project manager requires to handle effectively to make his project a success. These constraints happen to be – time, cost, scope and quality. While scope and quality are closely interlinked, these above mentioned constraints are what a project manager requires to keep a close tab on. in the discussion that will follow below, we will be discussing the major aspects of the management of civil engineering projects, while also looking into various other factors involved like legislations, components of civil management system, quality management, application of effective management in a civil engineering project and so on. With this in mind, we launch ourselves now in the waters of discussion about

Literary Analysis of Imagery in The Scarlet Ibis Essay

Literary Analysis of Imagery in The Scarlet Ibis - Essay Example The first scene contains a number of imagery, which readers can easily interpret through sensory experience. The visual symbolism in the bleeding tree, the silvery powder and the purple phlox are examples of imagery, which connote the fate facing different characters throughout the story. In addition, Hurst (1) uses olfactory imagery in his presentation of the flowers blooming at the graveyard, which he says produce smell that extends to the length of the cotton plantation. The author’s assertion that the plants rot brown magnolia flowers is rife with imagery of the attractiveness of the graveyard, and the existence of some temporal life. Moreover, the growths of ironweeds which compete with the attractive flowers symbolize the feeling of abandon of the dead. Apart from the existence of the plant imagery, there is auditory imagery in oriole’s beautiful melodies in the elm (Hurst 1). This symbolizes a sense of life and excitement in the story. In addition, the green-draped parlor is rich with visual imagery of attractive vegetation, fair weather, and rich soils, supporting the plants’ and animals’ lives. Doodle in itself is a name that brings out the visual imagery of the small doodle-bug that naturally walks backwards. This implies the character is one who would never tire of going the opposite direction on social issues affecting him and the immediate environment where he stays (Hurst 2). Further, Hurst’s use of a deafening thunder and mournful sound symbolizes the existence of powers, which are beyond the existence of animals and plants. The latter auditory imagery symbolizes mortal nature of living things on earth, even when they are seen as blossoming and death is seemingly not in sight. The two forms of imagery are complimented by the visual imagery in the green-draped parlor, which is by its description

The service Encounter (Human resources management) Essay

The service Encounter (Human resources management) - Essay Example For that the human resource department can use various people management tools. The following reports gives an insight into factors which determine customer and employee satisfaction. These factors are justified on both empirical and theoretical grounds. This is followed by suggestions and recommendations of the best practices of the hospitality industry which are commonly practiced to increase customer satisfaction. ... The economy of advanced countries is dominated by services which contribute to up to 70% of their economy. (Ostrom, 2010).It is unanimously agreed that all industries are customer driven but it is these selection of services about which customers are the most particular and drivers of optimum service and customer satisfaction lead to the most growth and success. Thus service organizations worldwide are shifting their focus to service quality as a priority to carve a niche in the current competitive environment. This allows for differentiation and sustainable global advantage in the market place. (Gounaris,2003) The hotel industry is no different and the customers judge the service according to perceived service quality. This perceived service quality is in turn determined by many indicators which include assurance, empathy, reliability, responsiveness and other tangibles. These are the five service quality dimensions which are based upon the Golden rule. (Jac Fitz-enz)Other factors w hich determine perceived service quality are communications, human resource and employee management standards and employee attitudes.(Snipes,2005). Thus all employee improvement tools that lead to employee satisfaction and affective commitment can mediate the relationship between service culture and customer perceived service quality. (Hung Trong Hoang, 2010). These employee tools have to affect the five service quality dimensions either directly or indirectly to have a positive effect on the hotel. It should also be noted that different subsets of customers have different notions about service quality and thus a variety of service standards must be met for customer satisfaction. (Shannon Anderson,2008).

How Should American Colleges adjust themselves for International Essay

How Should American Colleges adjust themselves for International Students - Essay Example In addition, in the field of policy of the foreign the United States and other more developed countries’ colleges educate many of those who take positions in leadership. Especially in other countries, this in the end may benefit relations between nations (Kegel 1). In addition, International students from international communities who chose to study in America colleges are mostly the bright students in their home nations and are also very motivated and focused students. However, these international students face a merge of challenges from the time they report to college. One of the challenges, for instance, English proficiency may be particularly problematic for most students from internationally. For example, in China, English is not taught through a speaking form but rather more through writing. As a result, many students from China know English vocabulary and grammar better, but have a hard time in conversing in English. International students from the international community mostly have challenges in understanding lectures, taking part in class discussions, writing term papers and taking notes. These students may also have difficulty understanding U.S English accents, idioms, slang, accents, and jokes. More so, international students may h owever think that they are incompetent in English conversational to participate in class (Kuo 1). However to make this matter more complex, the corporate world and community want students to grow and learn during college. Employers, parents of all students, and the public at large expect that college graduates will have gained adequate knowledge and certain abilities, qualities, and skills, including career cognitive and competencies when undertaking practical. They will demonstrate a given high level of competency in critical thinking, working as teamwork, resilience, solving problems and communication. They will be committed to social and personal

The death penalty should be administered for particularly heinous Research Paper

The death penalty should be administered for particularly heinous crimes - Research Paper Example hment, most people are afraid of death that is inflicted by the law; hence, what is most fearful is likely to deter most criminals into engaging in heinous crimes. According to Hess and Drowns in their book wrote that death penalty is a better deterrent to violent youths (330). Administering death penalty will be effective in deterring murderers who might otherwise not been deterred through any other means when they friend face this punishment. This is because most of these murderers when given life sentence in place of death penalty, they continue committing crimes in prison, such as murdering other prisoners or even prison wards; therefore, death sentence is the only punishment that can be used to prevent such criminals from committing crimes. Otherwise, they will not be discouraged into committing heinous crimes through any other means, and again because both convicted prisoners and prison warders deserve protection from these criminals. In addition, it is important to enforce death penalty as a form of retribution even though death penalty does not prove to stop murderers from continuing the practice due to the threat of life imprisonment. On the contrary, the finality of death penalty creates fear amongst criminals and sparing the life of prospective victims by deterring those who murdered them, is of more importance than preserving the life of a convicted murderer because of the possibility that executing them will not necessarily deter other murderers. Therefore, in addition, to using death penalty to prevent crime, it is not imposed for the main purpose of reattributing crimes, for instance, in case of murder it is unjust for the criminal to live. Putting threats and punishment is a necessity in the deterrence since it a one justification for violent crimes. Therefore, a criminal who commits heinous crime volunteers to assume the risks involved; hence, the punishment suffered is voluntarily risked and it is unj ust to the criminal not to be convicted and

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Hydrogen Fuel Cell - Essay Example The end of inexpensive sources of energy, brought about largely by the Arab oil boycott, made the search for energy alternatives imperative. Several companies are developing fuel cells that they hope will replace conventional internal-combustion engines in automobiles over the next few decades. According to a report fuel cell developers nowadays, even government agencies, and automakers are working hard to accelerate the introduction of fuel cell toward commercialization. What is fuel cell all about How effective it is According to a website "A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that combines hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity, with heat and water as its by-product. As long as fuel is supplied, the fuel cell will continue to generate power. It produce electricity through electrochemical reactions. No other energy generation technology offers the combination of benefits that fuels cells do. In addition to low or zero emissions, benefits include high efficiency and reliability, multi-fuel capability, durability and ease of maintenance." It aims to have a clean transport for the future. Fuel-cell technology that promises to revolutionize the global car business is now coming to market" according to a newspaper article. Fuel-cell technology is particularly suitable for city buses because it offers much lower noise levels and has no polluting emissions. Efficiency of Fuel Cells Many large automakers are now adapting fuel cell technology for automobiles. It is proved as a good substitute to gasoline. It is found cleaner, because of hydrogen. Fuel cells produce only pure water as exhaust. It only produce far less pollution than conventional technologies. Quieter, vibration free and more energy efficient than internal-combustion engines. Fuel cells combine hydrogen and oxygen electrochemically without combustion to supply electricity. Fuel cell engines will likely run on conventional gasoline, but with a fraction of the emissions of a normal engine. The fuel cell is also being explored as a way to generate electricity. In a fuel cell, hydrocarbons are combined with oxygen to produce electricity directly, much the same way lead is consumed to make electricity in a storage battery. Fuel cells are more efficient than conventional power plants because there are no turbines or other mechanical devices to waste energy through friction or heat. The website added (www .fuelcelltoday.com) "Operating times are much longer than with batteries, since doubling the operating time needs only doubling the amount of fuel and not the doubling of the capacity of the unit itself." Until now, fuel cells have been small devices. However, the Pratt and Whitney Aircraft Division of the United Aircraft Corporation is planning a 26 megawatt portable fuel cell generator that will produce enough electrical power for 20,000 people. This plant is designed to use natural or synthetic gas and to provide an economical and pollution-free means for power companies to meet peak load demands. According to Fuel Cell Market, fuel cells are found "Reliable. Because the absence of combustion and moving parts means that fuel cell technologies are expected to provide much improved reliability over traditional

Personal Health Risk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Health Risk - Essay Example Personal Health Risk I choose well water as my health risk. Well water contains Arsenic compounds that pose a health risk to people who consume water from the well. I identified arsenic in well water as my health hazard from the Unites States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Indeed, EPA defines arsenic as a naturally occurring compound that is odorless and tasteless but harmful to human health. EPA established that about 56 million people America were drinking well water with arsenic at unsafe levels (Natural Resources Defense Council, 2015). Arsenic in ground water emanates from human activities, manufacturing activities, or natural activities. EPA considers higher levels of arsenic  as a ground water  pollutant that derives long term and short-term effects. EPA advices citizens using well water to monitor its arsenic levels before consumption. EPA regulates arsenic in ground water establishing health and environmental-based standards through the maximum contaminant level (MCL), at 0.010 mg/L or 10 ppb (EPA, 2013). In identifying arsenic in drinking water as my health hazard considered arsenic in drinking water as a risk since it would cause harmful effects to my health. Indeed, well water can cause short-term health effects like skin cancer, kidney failure, skin diseases, and harms the nervous systems. To identify arsenic in drinking water as a hazard, I followed EPA risk assessment module that included establishing the magnitude of arsenic present in water where arsenic is the dominant public-health problem for drinking water in America.

The Financial Markets Essay Example for Free

The Financial Markets Essay The development of the regional markets to global level and innovative developments in the technology field has greatly boosted growth and expansion of financial markets. Capital markets in the emerging economies are quite evident and this is a direct result of global links in financial development policies. The rapid economic growth and industrialization process in the emerging economies is also attributed to the globalization of the financial markets which significantly promote capital inflows (Agtmael 2007). On the other hand, economic problems and financial crises in other nations could easily be transferred to other countries as a result of these interactions. This was evident with the Asian currency crisis of 1997 that affected the major economies of the Asian region; the Russian financial crisis that saw countries of former Soviet Union suffer an economic depression and the disintegration of the long-term capital management in 1998 (Kahn 1979). Many countries have now undertaken a process of finding a solution to such occurrences in future and the most notable research is that conducted by the Japanese central bank. The World Disinflation Trend Structural changes in the global financial market have influenced the international, market environment in terms of prices of products. In 1990s the world experienced a change in disinflation rates reflected by a notable increase in the supply of products to the world market as a result of the rapid industrialization in the emerging market economies. Development and innovative technology plus anti-inflation policies adopted by many nations also played a significant role in the disinflation development. The inflation rates in the Group of eight (G-8) countries declined by about 3-4%, these countries are the greatest economies in the World of all nations and they include; United States, Germany, Japan, Italy, Canada, Britain, Russia and France (Drori et,al 2006). Significant of them all is Japan which has experienced a faster deflation rate resulting in prices of consumer goods ranging from less than one to about zero percent. The European countries and the United States are the great beneficiaries of the disinflation phenomenon that resulted from the economic polices in the early 1990s. These nations has earned real economic base for their financial and commercial activities leading to a steady expansion of economy and consumer price stability (Kahn 1979). The European monetary union is a great success due to reduced inflation in the member countries. The great economic depression was an eye opener to most of the countries and this lead to change in economic policies of many central banks in different nations. Most of the nations that are in the developing stage are currently mare concerned about the threat of price decline which has not occurred for quite some time now since the great economic depression. These economic development have lead to better financial services in the US and European nations. The federal reserve reduced its rated from 6. 5 % to 1. 25% between 2001 and 2002, the European central bank on the other hand reduced refinancing rates by half and by the year 2003 it was about 2. 0 % from 4. 75% in the year 2001 (Drori et,al 2006). Central banks in the group of eight countries are concerned about calls by other economies to reduce short-term interest rates. Such conventional monetary policy is intended to stimulate economic activities that target the lower zero bound short term interest rates. Such policies are borrowed from the bank of Japan which established the trend in 2001 (IFM 2003).

Pacific Northwest History Essay Example for Free

Pacific Northwest History Essay This paper will present, and ultimately prove that the Pacific Northwest of the United States has undergone economic, racial, environmental, and political changes due to events such as World War II, the emigration of people from the Midwestern U. S. , etc. The Pacific Northwest of the United States has for generations been a land that provided the substances that the rest of the country needed in order to survive and thrive. From the times of the earliest explorers to the region, throughout the 1800s, the economy of this region relied on the production of raw materials and natural products, such as lumber, produce, fresh fish, and the like, leading experts on the area to refer to the Northwest as â€Å"the hinterland† of the U. S. (Schwantes). This economic model changed drastically with the outbreak of World War II, which led to the Northwest becoming a center of aircraft production, shipbuilding, and other industries related to the war effort, but different from the traditional products that came from the region. Forces at work in the Region to Cause or Fuel a Changing Economy Having the luxury of viewing the history of the Pacific Northwest in retrospect over the past century or so, speaking in general terms, there were several major forces at work which ultimately caused, or fueled a changing economy. While these forces are explained in greater detail in subsequent sections of this paper, they warrant identification and a brief explanation at this point to set the stage for the research that follows. In no particular order, the forces that facilitated the changing economy of the Pacific Northwest are as follows: ENVIRONMENTAL- The eventual industrial development of the Northwest changed the environment, depleting many natural resources, such as the timber, precious metals, and fish that helped the people of the Northwest to provide for them and export these natural products worldwide. However, once these resources were exhausted, the region was forced to turn to manufacturing of durable goods to sustain themselves, such as the many products the region turned out in support of the campaigns of World War II. ETHNIC- Events that transpired during the World War II area changed the racial composition of the Pacific Northwest, with its effects being felt even today. To be more specific, when the United States was forced into World War II as a result of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the fighting was focused mostly on the Pacific Ocean area, which made the Northwest highly important logistically for the American troops, and launched a massive war industry, including aircrafts, ships, and soldier supplies. What this industrialization did for the region was to draw people from the rural areas to live in cities, making the region more urban than rural, and likewise attracting minorities from other parts of the nation, changing the ethnic composition of the region as a whole. Additionally, the movement of Americans from the â€Å"dustbowl† of the Midwest to the lush and fertile lands of the Northwest brought new cultures, traditions and hard working people to the region. POLITICAL- Because of the move of many people from a rural to an urban environment, and the increased presence of minorities and the Americans who came from the Midwest, the attitudes and value systems of the region changed, as reflected in voting patterns and political attitudes which now focused on urban issues such as poverty, crime, and social programs, whereas the previous rural way of life focused more on environmental concerns and the like. ECONOMIC- The proliferation of industry in the Pacific Northwest, beginning in the era of World War II, changed the economy from a natural/agricultural one to a largely industrial one. These changes were not all generated from within; rather, they often took place as a result of forces beyond the Northwest. Those forces are identified and discussed in the next portion of the research.

Managing Room Division in Hospitality

Managing Room Division in Hospitality 1.0 Introduction: Room divisions is the heart of any hotel as it is the most revenue generating department in the hotel (Chon Sparrowe, 1995). Room division comprises of front office, housekeeping, Maintenance and security. This all department work in hand in hand for the smooth functioning of the organization. several components in room division contribute to having a profitable hotel. The main focus of the hotel is a revenue goal in which the majority revenue comes from selling of rooms. Especially the front desk agent, housekeeping are heros in the room division department as they can lead to better customer service and higher revenues for the hotel. 2.0 Room Division Supervisory Function: Room division is a combination of front office, housekeeping, Maintenance and the security. There-fore the room division supervisor should have the experience in all this department and should have the skill required for this job. He should be able to communicate with all these department to carry out the day to day activities. Albona (Jan 2008) stated that training of staff in the workplace is vital. As a supervisor, he need to take a proactive approach to training and developing the employees and not being reactive. Reactive means that we train the employees when there is an emergency or when we are forced to. Thinking it through making a good plan, a good place to start are based on the annual goals and objective for our organization and for our department and starting from that point you have a good plan and vision and you could see well if this is going to happen. Formulating a training plan that is proactive when looking at skill to develop also we want to look at both hard and soft skills. how they communicate with us and others, this are becoming more and more crucial especially as we develop or want to develop more teamwork because team work requires people to be able to work together to grow to solve problems together and the more that they interact more we allow them to make decisions. Marketplace is becoming competitive so we could be competing globally, nationally or locally but having a better develop work force a better trained workforce gives us that competitive advantage (Lenehan, 2000). Proper training should be provided to the staff to work efficiently and smoothly and they know about the work place safety and procedures. It is the duty of the room division supervisor to conduct training programs frequently as training is considered to be an ongoing process. He should develop guidelines and the standard procedures to carry out the plans. Controlling the cost is one of the major responsibility as this department has the largest staff employed. Employees should be crossed train in order to overcome any inadequacies. He should create plans to maximize the average daily rate and the percentage. Handling customer complaints is important because the quality and style of service is a major factor in providing an enjoyable, relaxing and satisfying experience for the guest. He must be up to date with the events taking place in the market, in market segments, and in the competition Maintenance, decoration and furnishing: As most of the rooms are sold 365 nights a year, they need regular attention and inspected by the supervisor. Freshing up and refurbishment is required on a regular basis. This may mean that rooms are decorated, painted and refurnished by a regular team of people or contractors. Maintenance team under the supervision of room division supervisor will make sure all the structural problems are dealt with swiftly and efficiently and that all the equipment and machinery are working well. 3.0 Cost control and the necessary resources for room division In response to Learning Outcome of cost control and the necessary resources for room division, the author has learnt number of cost control method used in the room division department new ideas developed and learned which lead to green practices and sustainability which can indirectly lead to cost control. The following practices are followed in the room division to cut down the cast which can add up to profit for the organization 3.1 Labor cost: Room division is the department where large numbers of staff are required. Labor cost can make huge impact on the overall profit of the organization (Rees, 1974). Managers need to manage the staff based on the forecast report. Managers are looking to improve the effectiveness of the management of the labor, the time management making sure that we had the right amount of people, the right shifts, making sure the minutes per room were being done. Labor management tool helps managers to schedule right amount of people for the required day thus saving labor cost by overstaffing. Cross training of employees is other way of cost control where same employee can be trained to get the desired skill in different section and can be used whenever needed 3.2 REUSE OF LINENS TOWELS Many properties have adopted a more environmentally friendly linen change policy to avoid the wastage practice washing on a daily basis. Although there is no common standard linen change policy in most cases bed linens can be replaced every two or three days and of course when soiled to ensure the program operates smoothly. The head housekeeper must keep control to indicate room list which bed require full linen change. A simple alternative to two day linen change program is the top to bottom method in which the bottom sheet covering the mattress is removed and replaced by the top sheet and then new bedsheet is used as a top sheet to finish making the bed Accommodation unit often change guest room towels every day and it consume large amount of water, energy and the detergents for washing towels and linen that have been used only once. Partly as a result of the growing environment awareness and concern shown by tourist and tour operators many accommodation units have implemented a towel reuse program which is explained to gust via a simple text card. This program invites guest to use their towel for more than one day, instead of having them replaced. By using this there simple techniques a large amount of money can be saved which is required for cleaning of this linens and towels. 3.3 Energy efficient appliances: Lighting in accommodation units can account up to 25 percent of their total electricity consumption. How- ever energy efficient lamps can be used to save energy and reduce cost (Adelaar Rath, 1997). This lamps consume 75 percent less energy and last eight to ten times longer than tungsten light bulbs as they are cost effective lighting options. Motion sensor light can be installed outdoors as it saves lots of energy that often remain unoccupied for a long period of time. It is not just light other electrical equipment can be controlled by timing devices to ensure they only run when necessary. Jacuzzi pumps can be controlled by electronic or windup timers to ensure they switch off after an appropriate time. The housekeeping staff should be trained to turn off the lights and appliances when not required. 4.0 Safety security measures practiced in room divisions including risk assessment external threats: When we talked about hotels problem first in mind come safety second security. Everyone wants to be secure but no want to face security. The management ensure safety in several areas by installing sign, training, cctv cameras and other installation. This is followed by health safety and non-toxic cleaning material. Various safety and security measured were learned by the author to make it a safe and protected place for the guests. Housekeeping and front office are the important and responsible position in any hotel or motel. It takes a lot of hard work to meet the schedules but that what the business is all about providing service to the guests. Hotels are required to ensure guest safety. However, must exercise reasonable care of guest and employee safety. Safety of guests and security of the hotel is the duty of every employee, supervisor and manager of the hotel. Hotel provides training on the safety of employee which provide them adequate training to ensure the safety of guests, fire safety and work environment. Employees are trained in such a way that they can respond to emergencies. The safety and security of employees should be the first priority, a proper orientation is required in housekeeping department as this is the place where employees are in contact with chemicals, electrical machines, mounting ladders and unhealthy positions can damage the health of the employees (Kappa et al, 1997). video recor der can be used to record activities at the reception, the car park and nearby surroundings. CCTV (Closed Circuit Television) are installed on a property at several points where management wants to monitor activity at each entrance. Internal alarms are the Server to determine criminal activity. It can Report an area within the hotel if the alarm is activated, protecting storage areas, hotel facilities (pool, spa and exercise area) and the hotel and nearby surrounding. Recodable locks can reduce the possibility that guests are victims in their rooms by someone who had rented the same room one night before, helping to reduce employee theft incident room (Rushmore Malone, 1998) External threats can be in the form of cash robber, theft, and terrorist attack. Robbery of Cash is not the time to try to protect cash resources. Protecting the staff at such time should be the first priority. At the time of robbery employee should observe the theft and his moves and should follow whatever they say. If the contact alarms are not installed, employee should contact the police or the local authority and report the same to the concern person on duty to take immediate actions. hotels attempt to generate an environment which is welcoming as well as secure against various manifestations of criminality (Gill et al 2002). Hotels are often the key targets of terrorist. Suspicious activities of visitor or the employees should be reported to the supervisor, security department or a designated staff member (Stafford et al 2002). The cleaning staff is trained to report doubtful items, drugs and excess liquidity that are found in the room. Today hotel uses different security techn ology and security system to protect the guests. It is the priority of the hotel and hotel employees to make the guest feel safe as they would feel in their homes. 5.0 Conclusion: Managing room division is an applied unit and the author was required to applied rooms division experience comprising of hours in both housekeeping and front office department. All hours were predominantly held at the Sydney campus with some in Leura campus experiences. The campus created exceptional applied environments at the front office and the housekeeping demo lab. This environment set the seam for what it is like to be in the industry. Room division is an effective part of operation of a hotel and resort. The applied training received from the enthusiastic trainer from both operational area prepared the author for the industry. I learned about the role of room division, work health and safety, guest satisfaction, emerging technologies and worked on the opera property management system. I experienced lecture, workshops and tutorials activities in the applied learning how to check in and check out. We learn about the sequence to cleaning a room and how laundry operates to effici ently make the daily demands. We were introduced to terminology used in the industry 6.0 References: Adelaar, M and Rath, A (1997) Energy efficiency and tourism: focus on the Caribbean A discussion  paper, Roundable on energy efficiency tourism sector, Kingston, Jamaica, December9-11, 1997,  http://www.irdc.ca/industry/jamaica_e7html, as accessed 2.10.2000 Albino, M., 5th Jan 2008, How important is staff training? Retrieval on 9th Sep 2008 at  http://monado2.blogspot.com/2008/01/how-important-isstaff-training.html Gill, M., Moon, C., Seaman, P. and Turbin, V. (2002). Security management and crime in hotels.  International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 14(2), 58 64 Jaswinder S (2014) International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations. Vol. 2, Issue 2,  pp: (1-5), Month: October 2014 March 2015, Available at: www.researchpublish.com Lenehan, T. (2000). A study of management practices and competences within effective organizations in   the Irish tourism industry. The Service Industries Journal, 20(3), pp. 19-42 Rees, Albert. 1974. An overview of the labor-supply results. Journal of Human Resources 9: 97-100. Rushmore S., Malone C. (1998). Keys and hotel security. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant  Administration Quarterly, December, 9195 Rutherford, 2007, hotel management and operations, 4th edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., Hoboken,  New Jersey Chon, K.S. Sparrowe, R.T. (1995). Welcome to hospitality: An introduction. South-Western  Publishing Co. Stafford, G., Yu, L. and Armoo, A.K. (2002). Crisis management and recovery: How Washington D.C.   hotels responded to terrorism. Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 43(27), 27- 40.

Humerous Themes In Othello :: essays research papers

When the well-known English dramatist William Shakespeare began writing Othello, he had already been educated in the classics and in literature. Although his contemporary Ben Jonson said that Shakespeare knew "little Latin and less Greek," scholars know that Shakespeare knew, at least, about Greek ideas about comedy and tragedy. He was not incredibly educated, but he was aware that his play would comment on ideas about comedy. By looking at a few crucial scenes in the play, this paper will demonstrate that, although most people consider Shakespeare’s Othello a tragedy, it is actually a black comedy. In Act V, Scene I (17-30) lines Iago comments comically on the murder scene he has set up himself. This is the scene: Iago. O murderous slave! O villain! [Stabs RODERIGO] Rod. O damn’d Iago! O inhuman dog! Iago. Kill men i’ the dark! Where be these bloody thieves? How silent is this town! Ho! murder! murder! What may you be? are you of good or evil? Lod. As you shall prove us, praise us. Iago. Signior Lodovico? Lod. He, sir. Iago. I cry you mercy. Here’s Cassio hurt by villains. Gra. Cassio! Iago. How is it, brother? Cas. My leg is cut in two. Iago. Marry, heaven forbid, Light, gentlemen; I’ll bind it with my shirt. Iago has the audience and everyone other than Roderigo believe that he is looking for thieves. If you think about it, that is a funny statement. He has committed a murder, but he pretends that he has not. Further, he pretends that he is looking for the killer and is the only one who cares enough to do so, and cannot believe "how silent" the town is. Even his final gesture, of trying to "bind" the wound with his shirt, is a supremely comic one, perhaps for Shakespeare more than Iago. Iago may be able to stem the flow of blood coming from Cassio’s leg. But it would be silly for the audience to believe what Iago implicitly asks them to believe, that anyone or anything can stem the tide of destruction that he has already unleashed on the play’s characters, and by implication, in the play’s plot. Earlier in the play, in Act II, Scene I (lines 87-95), a similar event occurs, when Cassio greets Desdemona and speaks about Othello and Iago: Cas. She that I spake of, our great captain’s captain, Left in the conduct of the bold Iago, Whose footing here anticipates our thoughts A se’nnight’s speed. Great Jove, Othello guard, And swell his sail with thine own powerful breath,

mardi gras :: essays research papers fc

Mardi Gras, literally â€Å"Fat Tuesday,† has grown in popularity in recent years as a raucous’ sometimes hedonistic event. Buts its roots lie in the Christian calendar, as the â€Å"last hurrah† before Lent begins on Ash Wednesday. That is why the enormous ends abruptly at midnight on Tuesday. There are well-known season-long Carnival celebrations in Europe and Latin America, including Nice, France; Cologne, Germany; and Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The best known celebration in the United States is in New Orleans and the French-Catholic communities of the Gulf Coast. Another popular site for the celebration of Mardi Gras is Galveston, Texas. Mardi Gras has become a major influence to the people and the economy of Galveston. With its great history and deep economic impact Mardi Gras is beneficial to both the community and visitors to the Island.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first celebration took place in 1867, when a dramatic entertainment and masked ball took place in t he old Turner Hall. The dramatic entertainment was a scene from â€Å"‘King Henry IV,’ featuring Alvan Reed (a justice of the peace weighing in at 350 pounds!) as Falstaff† (Mardi Gras!). The first time Mardi Gras was celebrated to any great extent was in 1871, when there were two night parades by separate organizations, one known as the Knights of Momus and the other as the Knights of Myth, both of which devised masked ball, exquisite costumes. In the years that followed, the parades and balls grew more elaborate and attracting attention throughout the state. After the hurricane of 1900 the events were discontinued for several years. The celebrations were gradually revived, but not on an extensive scale. It was not until 1914 that a group called the â€Å"Kotton Karnival Kids† staged parades for both Mardi Gras and the Galveston Cotton Carnival. â€Å" The 1917 masked ball took on added glamour with the first official appearance of King Frivolous and his court,...†(Mardi Gras!). The king was given the key to the city. With the outbreak of World War I, Mardi Gras was confined to small single day festivities. Shortly after the war the celebration a new revival. It was not until the threat war once again placed the celebration on hold. â€Å"In 1985, native Galvestonian George P. Mitchell and his wife, Cynthia, launched the revival of a citywide Mardi Gras celebration† (Mardi Gras!). Now under the supervision of the Galveston Park Board of Trustees, Mardi Gras spans two weekends and several days in between with parades, masked balls, and many different theatrical entertainments.

Rise of Nazism :: essays research papers

- Hitler was fully responsible for the order for the mass executions in Poland in 1939 and 1940. He was also actively engaged in setting up plans for a Jewish reservation in Poland and he backed the Madagascar plan. He was continually preoccupied with further deportations and deportation plans. - In 1941 Hitler ordered the extermination of every potential enemy in the occupied Eastern territories. He was fully aware of mass executions of Jewish civilians in the occupied Eastern territories. - In mid September 1941 Hitler ordered the beginning of mass deportations from Germany to ghettos in Eastern Europe. During Autumn 1941 and the following Winter, when preparation for the "Final Solution" in Europe were in full swing, Hitler spoke at various occasions openly about the annihilation of the Jews in Europe. It can be ruled out that the massive preparations for the systematic murder of European Jews in extermination camps in Poland, undertaken in Spring and Summer of 1942, were taken without his consent or his knowledge. - Private diaries of Nazi propaganda maestro Joseph Goebbels and Gestapo chief Heinrich Himmler unearthed from the secret Soviet archives show that Adolf Hitler personally ordered the mass extermination of Jews on December 12, 1941 during a meeting of Nazi German regional governors in the chancellery. As Goebbels wrote "With regards to the Jewish question, the Fuhrer decided to make a clean sweep." - And from a number of letters and speeches of Himmler it becomes clear, that the Reichsfà ¼hrer SS referred to the Holocaust as a task which he had to carry out on the behalf of the highest authority in the Third Reich - Adolf Hitler. - In Germany concentration camps were set up after 1933 to detain without legal procedure Jews, Communists, Gypsies, homosexuals, and others. During world war II extermination, or death, camps were established for the sole purpose of killing men, women, and children. In the most notorious camps - Auschwitz, Treblinka, and Majdanek in Poland, Buchenwald and Dachau in Germany - more than 6 million people, mostly Jews and Poles, were killed in gas chambers. Millions of others were also interned during the war, and a large proportion died of gross mistreatment, malnutrition, and disease. - The idea that the Holocaust represents 11 million lives that abruptly ended is a difficult concept, but this is an important point. The Holocaust was the extermination of people not for who they were but for what they were.

Ways to Fix Run Ons Fragments

Understanding sentence structure helps in identifying and correcting run-on sentences and sentence fragments. A computer’s spell checker does not typically catch these common mistakes, so do not rely on the spell checker to correct grammar for you. Be sure to carefully proofread all assignments for these issues. This handout defines various sentence structures, presents sample sentences, and provides strategies for correcting run-ons, comma splices, and fragments. Practice activities are included to help build skills in sentence clarity and variety. First, consider the parts of a complete sentence:Complete Sentence (Independent Clause) Table of Contents Part I: Run-ons †¢ Strategies for avoiding run-ons (comma splices and fused sentences) (p. 2-3) †¢ Sample sentences with explanations, practice activities (with answer key) (p. 4-7) Part II: Fragments †¢ Strategies for avoiding sentence fragments (p. 8-11) †¢ Sample sentences with explanations, practice acti vities (with answer key) (p. 12-13) Part I: Run-On Sentences Definition: A run-on sentence either has too many independent clauses or two independent clauses that are not linked correctly.Two types of run-on sentences are fused sentences and comma splices. Strategies for Correcting Fused Sentences: 1. Create a compound sentence. Inserting a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) plus a comma correctly links these independent clauses. This sentence structure is called a compound sentence. Correct compound sentence: She writes the music, and he plays the guitar. independent clause + comma + coordinating conjunction + independent clause 2. Separate independent clauses with periods and capitalization, creating simple sentences.Correct sentences: She writes the music. He plays the guitar. 3. Insert a semi-colon. Semi-colons should be used sparingly and to connect independent clauses whose meanings are closely related. Correct sentence: She writes the music for Coldpla y; he plays the guitar for that band. * Note: When more details are added to the above independent clauses, the meanings become much more closely related. Thus, a semi-colon can separate these clauses. 4. Link ideas using a subordinate clause (dependent clause). Correct Sentence: While she writes the music for Coldplay, he plays the guitar for that band. ubordinate clause + comma + independent clause ‘While’ is a subordinating conjunction, which makes ‘while she writes music for Coldplay,’ a dependent clause. That is, the clause depends on the rest of the sentence for the overall meaning to be clear. A dependent clause cannot stand alone. Use a comma to separate a dependent clause that appears before an independent clause. *Note: A sentence constructed of one independent clause and one or more dependent (or subordinate) clauses is called a complex sentence. Strategies for Correcting Comma Splices: . Insert a coordinating conjunction to create a compound sen tence. Correct Sentences: She writes the music for Coldplay, but he plays the guitar for that band. She writes the music for Coldplay, and he plays the guitar for that band. Remember, the coordinating conjunction appears after the comma. *Note: Again, consider meaning before joining sentences. If the sentences are not closely connected, it may be best to keep them separate. Think about these two independent clauses: Today I was late for class. I will have a burrito for dinner tonight.Since these ideas are distinct, keep the sentences separate. 2. Insert a semi-colon. Correct Sentence: She writes the music for Coldplay; he plays the guitar for that band. Again, to join two independent clauses with a semi-colon, be sure that their meanings are closely connected. The Tutoring Center has a separate handout on semi-colon usage. * See pages 4-7 for further explanation of these strategies as well as sample sentences and practice activities. Run-On Sentences: Examples and Explanations Examp les: It was raining Naomi could not find her umbrella. (Fused)It was raining, Naomi could not find her umbrella. (Comma Splice) How to fix these run-ons: Step 1: Identify the independent clauses. It was raining + Naomi could not find her umbrella. subject + verb phrase subject + verb phrase (direct object) Step 2: Use one of the below strategies. 1. Period + Capital Letter (Separate Sentences) It was raining. Naomi could not find her umbrella. S + V. S +V 2. Comma + Coordinating Conjunction (Compound Sentence) It was raining, and Naomi could not find her umbrella. S + V , and S + V . Semi-Colon It was raining; Naomi could not find her umbrella. S + V ; S + V 4. Subordinating Conjunction + Comma (Complex Sentence) Though it was raining, Naomi could not find her umbrella. dependent clause, S + V *Note: Use the Tutoring Center’s Transitions/Grammar Aid Handout to help identify coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. Ask a tutor if you are unclear about the meanings of these conjunctions or in which situations to use them. Practice: Avoiding Run-Ons Correct the following run-on sentences by using the strategies previously discussed. 1.I moved to the United States when I was young it was easy to learn English, my parents were already here, they knew English already. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Juan and David recognized each other they had been in the first grade together. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Her car would not start she was late for class. ____________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The parents ate the baby slept in her stroller. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Eli wants to quit smoking this habit is too expensive. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Avoiding Run-Ons: Answer Key and Explanations 1. I moved to the United States when I was young it was easy to learn English, my parents were already here, they knew English. Strategy 1: Period + Capital Letter (Separate Sentences) I moved to the United States when I was young. S + V (prepositional phrase) (dependent clause) It was easy to learn English. S + V (adverb phrase) My parents were already here. They knew English. S + V (adverb phrase). S + V (direct object)Strategy 2: Coordinating Conjunction + Comma (Compound Sentence) I moved to the United States when I was young, and it was e asy to learn English. S + V , and S + V My parents were already here, so they knew English. S + V , so S + V Strategy 3: Semi-Colon I moved to the United States when I was young; it was easy to learn English. S + V ; S + V My parents were already here; they knew English.S + V ; S + V Strategy 4: Subordination (Complex Sentence) Because I moved to the United States when I was young, it was easy to learn English. (dependent clause) + , S + V Because is a subordinating conjunction that makes the first clause dependent on the second clause. Do not use a coordinating conjunction to link a dependent clause and an independent clause; rather, use only a comma. For example: Since my parents were already here, they knew English. Note: This run-on sentence can also be corrected using a combination of the above strategies. I moved to the United States when I was young, so it was easy to learn English. (compound sentence) Because my parents were already here, they knew English. (complex sentenc e) More suggested answers: 2. Juan and David recognized each other; they had been in the first grade together. S + V ; S + V (prepositional phrase) Juan and David recognized each other, for they had been in the first grade together.S + V , for S + V Since they had been in the first grade together, Juan and David recognized each other. Since + dependent clause , S + V Juan and David recognized each other. They had been in the first grade together. S + V. S + V Now it’s starting to make sense: 3. Her car would not start, so she was late for class. Her car would not start, and she was late for class. Her car would not start. She was late for class. Because her car would not start, she was late for class.Her car would not start; she was late for class. (correct, but not the best choice) 4. While the parents ate, the baby slept in her stroller. The parents ate as the baby slept in her stroller. The parents ate. The baby slept in her stroller. The parents ate, and the baby slept in her stroller. The parents ate; the baby slept in her stroller. 5. Eli wants to quit smoking. This habit is too expensive. Eli wants to quit smoking; this habit is too expensive. Eli wants to quit smoking, for this habit is too expensive. Since this habit is too expensive, Eli wants to quit smoking.A more logical, concise construction using subordination would read as follows: Since smoking is too expensive, Eli wants to quit. Part II: Sentence Fragments There are several types of fragments. See pages 9-11 for detailed explanations and techniques for correcting fragments. Pages 12-13 include practice activities and an answer key. Types of Fragments Each example below illustrates a different type of sentence fragment. Any fragment can be corrected by linking the fragment to an independent clause—one which comes before or after it and which makes sense within the paragraph.Examples of Subordinating Conjunctions and Relative Pronouns |after |how |unless |whichever | |although |i f |until |while | |as |in order that/to |what |whether | |as if |once whatever |who | |as soon as |rather than |when |whoever | |as though |since |whenever |whom | |because |so that |where |whomever | |before |than |whereas |whose | |even if |that |wherever |why | |even though |though |which | | Strategies for correcting subordinating conjunction and relative pronoun fragments: 1. Connect the fragment to the sentence that comes before or after it. Correct Sentences: While I was waiting for my car to be repaired, I read a magazine. dependent clause , S + V Notice the use of the comma after the dependent clause (because the dependent clause falls at the beginning of the sentence).I had to ride the bus while I was waiting for my car to be repaired. S + V dependent phrase *Note: When a dependent (subordinate) clause comes after the independent clause, it is usually unnecessary to place a comma after that independent clause. Whether or not a comma is needed depends on the meaning of the sentence. 2. Remove the subordinating conjunction/relative pronoun. Correct sentence: I was waiting for my car to be repaired. S + V Strategies for correcting â€Å"ing† fragments: 1. Connect the fragment to the sentence that comes before or after it. Correct sentences: Her expertise being in chemistry and biology, she was not hired as an English instructor. ependent –ing phrase , S + V She designed the new science exhibit, her expertise being in chemistry and biology. S + V , dependent –ing phrase 2. Correct the verb form. Correct sentences: Her expertise is in chemistry and biology. Her expertise was in chemistry and biology. *Note: Sometimes you will also need to add a subject and correct the verb form. See the next page for an example. . Strategies for correcting missing subject fragments: 1. Connect the fragment to the sentence that comes before or after it. Correct Sentences: Security set off the alarm, evacuated the building, and closed ll the entrances. In the above sentence, it is clear that the subject, the doer of the actions, is security. 2. Add the missing subject. Correct Sentence: Security set off the alarm and evacuated the building. Next, they closed all the entrances. *Note: In this sentence, the pronoun ‘they’ renames the subject, security. Transition Words Indicating a List or Examples |also |especially |except |for instance |including | |in addition |furthermore |for example |such as |next |Strategies for correcting â€Å"extra information† fragments: 1. Connect the fragment to the sentence that comes before or after it. Correct sentence: Many Americans take basic amenities for granted, for example, clean water and electricity. S + V , dependent phrase 2. Add the missing subject and verb. Correct sentence: For example, basic amenities include clean water and electricity. transitional phrase, S + V Practice: Avoiding Fragments Correct these sentences using the strategies previously discussed. 1. The dog loved his new toys. Especially the ones that squeaked. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Maggie remembered her childhood. Her mother making pancakes for dinner in the small apartment. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. She decided to meet her new friend in a public place. That they had arranged over e-mail. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Because she met him on MySpace. She thought it was a good idea to be cautious. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________ 5. I cannot wait until President’s Day. Finally, a day off. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________ Avoiding Fragments: Answers and Explanations 1. The dog loved his new toys, especially the ones that squeaked. S + V , dependent clause The dog loved his new toys. He especially loved the ones that squeaked. S + V. S + V 2.Maggie remembered her childhood, especially her mother making pancakes for dinner in the S + V, dependent clause small apartment. Maggie remembered her childhood. Her mother made pancakes in the small apartment. S + V. S + V (correct form) 3. She decided to meet her new friend in a public place that they had arranged over email. S + V dependent clause She decided to meet her new friend in a public place. They had arranged a place over email. S + V. S + V 4. Because she met him on MySpace, she thought it was a good idea to be cautious. dependent clause, S + V She thought it was a good idea to be cautious; she met him on MySpace.S + V ; S+ V 5. I cannot wait until President’s Day, finally, a day off. S +V, dependent phrase I cannot wait until President’s Day. Finally, we have a day off. S + V. S + V ———————– Avoiding Run-On Sentences, Comma Splices, and Fragments A complete sentence has (minimally) two parts, a subject and a verb. A sentence must also express a complete thought. Such a phrase consisting of a subject and a verb (with complete meaning) is also called an independent clause. Example: He writes music. This sentence has a subject and verb.This sentence also expresses a complete thought, so its meaning is clear. he=subject (S) writes=verb (V) music=direct object (DO) 1. Fused Sentence Definition: A fused sentence consists of two independent clauses, but both the comma and coordinating conjunction are missing . Example of a Fused Sentence: She writes the music he plays the guitar. ‘She writes the music’ and ‘he plays the guitar’ are each independent clauses, containing a subject and a verb and expressing complete thoughts. ‘He plays the guitar’ is an independent clause that can stand alone because it expresses a complete thought and is grammatically correct. he=subject (S)plays=verb (V)guitar=direct object (DO)However, in the above example, the independent clause, ‘She writes the music,’ incorrectly runs into a second independent clause, ‘he plays the guitar. ’ 2. Comma Splice Definition: A comma splice consists of two or more independent clauses that follow one another and are incorrectly linked together only with a comma (or commas). The coordinating conjunction is missing. Example of a Comma Splice: She writes the music, he plays the guitar. In the above sentence, a comma separates the two independent clauses, but a coor dinating conjunction is also necessary. 1. Subordinating Conjunction and Relative Pronoun Fragments Example: While I was waiting for my car to be repaired. How to find this type of fragment:When proofreading a paper, pay attention to subordinating conjunctions and relative pronouns. These words (see box below) turn subjects and verbs into dependent clauses. Identifying proper usage of dependent clauses can help in recognizing fragments. 2. â€Å"-ing† Fragments Example: Her expertise being in chemistry and biology. How to find an â€Å"-ing† fragment: If the only verb in the sentence ends in ‘–ing’ and does not have a helping verb, you have a fragment. While the word ‘being’ is a verb, in the above sentence, it is not properly formed. In the below sentence, notice that the ‘-ing’ verb has a helping verb: I was walking down the street when it started raining. (This sentence is correct. ‘Was’ functions as the hel ping verb. )When added to a verb, ‘-ing’ sometimes makes a verb do the job of a noun: Walking outdoors is my favorite form of exercise. (In this sentence, ‘walking’ is a noun that functions as the subject. ‘Is’ functions as the main verb. ) 3. Missing Subject Fragments Example: Security set off the alarm and evacuated the building. Next, closed all the entrances. How to find this type of fragment: The second phrase above (noted in bold) is a fragment because there is no subject. ‘Entrances’ is a noun, but it is the object of the verb ‘closed. ’ Who or what is closing the entrances is unknown. That is, the subject of the sentence is missing. 4. â€Å"Extra Information† Fragments Example: For instance, clean water and electricity. How to find and fix this type of fragment:

The Barriers to Effective Communication

â€Å"A barrier to communication is something that keeps meanings from meeting. Meaning barriers exist between all people, making communication much more difficult than most people seem to realize. It is false to assume that if one can talk he can communicate† (Windle & Warren, nd). Communication is a process by which information is transmitted from one person (sender) to another (receiver).Before the message reaches the receiver, errors in transmission occur. It is estimated by psychologists that in every communication, there is approximately 40-60% meaning loss (Jenkins, 2007).It is therefore essential to know the various barriers that cause communication breakdown and possibly try to minimize these errors if we are to make our communication more meaningful. The core barriers The greatest barrier towards communicating effectively is stereotyping. This preconception on another person makes one view the other’s communication with a lot of prejudice. There is a tendency to wrongly hold a person’s views. There are stereotypes in all walks of life such as religion, gender and race.In racial stereotyping for example, a person’s believe to be more knowledgeable than the other because of skin color makes him or her disregard the other’s communication. This eventually breaks down the communication (OPPapers, 2010). There are a number of people who tend to assume that the people they are talking to know their thoughts. Such misjudgments are very dangerous to communication. An article by Effective-communicating, The importance of effective communication states that, â€Å"When you assume, you make an ‘ass’ out of ‘u’ and ‘me’ (Effective Communicating, 2008).Insufficient knowledge on the specific subject of communication can lead to errors on communication. If the person sending the message falls short of words in the information to be transmitted, the receiver is exposed to an unclear message tha t is mixed-up. On the other hand, the receiver may fail to understand information that is beyond his or her knowledge. It may be very hard for a teacher to understand scientific terms used by a scientist in any form of communication (College of Marin, nd). In relation to knowledge, language can pose a great danger to communication.There are many languages as people are from different backgrounds. Use of a language that the recipient does not understand will not pass the message. The different dialects and accents also create barriers. There may exist semantic gaps where words have same pronunciation but with a multiple of meanings. Some people tend to use inappropriate words in specific contexts and difficult vocabularies. The receiver will not be mesmerized but will be left in total confusion (Jain, 2010). Information overload is another barrier towards effective communication. A message that is too crowded with words tends to be misunderstood.Receivers tend to create barriers unde r these circumstances. A lecturer from collage of Marine on Barriers to effective communication advises that, â€Å"If you are selling an item with twenty five terrific features, pick two or three important features to emphasize instead of overwhelming your receiver (ho-hum) with an information avalanche. † (College of Marin, nd). Emotional interference leads to misunderstandings in communication. A person who is overexcited, angry, fearful, hostile, or resentful may be very much emotionally preoccupied to give or receive the right message.In case of dislike, ‘hearing’ will be a great problem. Emotional distractions create interference with creation, transmission and reception (College of Marin, nd). Emotions if given a chance will show up always and they become a barrier when they make people get overwhelmed (People Communicating, 2009). Physical distractions occur amidst communication. A noisy environment or a bad telephone line disrupts the receiver of the mes sage from hearing. Distractions are also possible with written messages especially when it is poorly formatted, has spelling errors and grammatical deficits.The physical appearance of the message will be too unprofessional and sloppy. The receiver’s concentration to such messages will be put off. Bright lights especially when one is using a computer can distract the receiver in getting the correct message (College of Marin, nd). Physical barriers can also be created by the geographical location. For example, at a workplace, employees in different quarters will have difficulty in communicating effectively (Margaritasmith, 2009). The sender may lack the basic communication skills.The receiver will greatly be affected in the interpretation of the intended message when the sender is faced with a problem in choosing the words needed and arranging them in a comprehensive manner. Others tend to rehearse on what they will say especially after scrutinizing who the speaker is. For inst ance, many students who lack good communication skills will first rehearse on what to say before meeting a teacher. On the other side of the coin, there are a great deal of receivers who have poor listening and reading skills. They have trouble in hearing and in the interpretation of messages (College of Marin, nd).Personal lack of interest can pose a great threat to communication. A person who is disinterested will carelessly listen or hurriedly read the sent message, misinterpreting the intentions of the sender. Failure of the sender to recognize the needs and the status of the receiver affects communication also. The sender should therefore prepare a message with the trait of the receiver in mind. The medicine of an angry customer is listening to his complains for some time (College of Marin, nd). Inappropriate channel also leads to breakdown in communication.For example, giving detailed procedures over the phone may be quite frustrating on the side of the decoder. A patient for instance, may choose to call a doctor to seek treatment. It would be illogical for the doctor to prescribe any treatment without a face to face encounter with the patient. The chain of communication may also affect the message; the greater the chain of communication, the higher the probability of its misinterpretation. For instance, if a sender uses a ten people chain to rely the message to the receiver, there is no doubt that the recipient will get a completely distorted message (College of Marin, nd).A very long communication chain and a poor medium selected can break up the communication (Jain, 2010). Communication is two way. The sender must get feedback from the recipient. In conversations for instance, there must be turn-taking. If the sender does not give the recipient time to respond or ask questions, he or she may pretend to understand what the sender is saying. It is also important for the sender to interpret the receiver’s non-verbal cues as they carry a lot of mea ning in any given communication. Failure to do so may cause ineffectiveness in communication (College of Marin, nd).Effective communicators, as Boulden spells out in his book, communicating for success: The seven keys of effective communication â€Å"†¦work into building relationships by asking questions and listening to the answers to gain information and use this process to reach consensus† (Boulden, 2009) Other barriers that affect communication include socio-cultural diversities such as age, gender, social status, educational level, economic status, cultural background, and religion.They as well affect communication (Jain, 2010). In different cultures for instance certain gestures are interpreted differently and therefore communication can be misunderstood (Ueeka, 2009). Conclusion Barriers of communication seem to be part of our lives. However careful we are in our communications errors in communication will always be felt. Some barriers are complex to deal with and may be beyond our capabilities.All that we need to do to alleviate this problem is to try and minimize our faults in communication.References Boulden, G. (2009). Communication for success: The seven keys of effective communication.London: Ala International Publishing College of Marin. (nd).Lecture: barriers to effective communication. Retrieved from http://www. marin. edu/buscom/index_files/Page565. htm Effective Communicating. (2008). The importance of effective communication. Retrieved from http://www. effective-communicating. com/importance-of-effective-communication. html.Jain, R. (2010). The barriers to effective communication. Retrieved from http://ezinearticles. com/? The-Barriers-to-Effective-Communication&id=1210011 Jenkins, M. (2007). Barriers to effective communication at work. Retrieved from http://www. alliancetac. com/? PAGE_ID=265 OPPapers. (2010).Barriers to effective communication. Retrieved from http://www. oppapers. com/essays/Barriers-Effective-Communication/778 41? topic People Communicating. (2009). Barriers to effective communication. Retrieved from http://www. people-communicating. com/barriers-to-effective-communication. html.Margaritasmith. (2009). Barriers to effective communication- Effective communication- Document transcript. Retrieved from http://www. slideshare. net/margaritasmith/barriers-to-effective-communication-effective- communications Ueeka. (2009).Overcoming potential barriers in effective communication. Retrieved from http://www. ueeka. com/docs/overcoming-potential-barriers-effective-communication. html Windle, R. & Warren, S. (nd). Communication skills. Retrieved from http://www. directionservice. org/cadre/section4. cfm.

How Important Is the Study of Sociology Essay

The study of Sociology is important but the level of importance is debatable. Sociology is the study of the organisation human society and what problems come about within the society. It looks at who is affected and why they are affected. A prime example would be a married couple with children who then decide to divorce. Not only are the couple affected but so are the children. Why? The children would have to come to the harsh terms of their mother and father no longer living together, in some cases have to welcome a new family member or members, ‘the step parents or siblings’ They would have to adjust to new living conditions whether that be a new school or two different homes etc. Sociology questions why rules were put in place and why people choose to follow them. In some cases we look at what other people do and we ‘follow by example’. If there is a queue at the bus stop to wait for the bus, naturally we would go to the end of the queue and wait for the bus. Why? Some may say it’s out of respect, if the people were in the queue before me who am I to cut the queue. Another person may say that following simple rules has a positive effect on our living. If you’re able to follow simple rules then it may be easier for you to follow the bigger rules with strong consequences and this will enable you to teach others i.e. children. The term sociology was coined by French philosopher Auguste Comte in 1838, who for this reason is known as the â€Å"Father of Sociology.† He believed in the concept that the social world was based on scientific facts and with this people could build better future. For example, humans need food to survive and all the major supermarkets know this, therefore they come up ‘special offers’ and provide more organic options as ways to attract a larger audience. By studying sociology we are able to look the relationship between a man and society. A ‘celebrity or public figure’ is often highly scrutinized for their choices or lifestyle and this is because a lot is expected of them. This could be anything from the way they dress to even the way they walk/ talk and the mass media i.e. TV, Radio, Movies, Internet etc help us to form assumption of this person. As humans we are often cautious of the decisions we make as we don’t want to be the topic of discussion within the society. For example when we do something bad in school we may not want many people to know about it and that is because we are afraid of how we will be branded in society (the bad kids). But why should we be so afraid of something that we created ourselves. Realistically without us there would be no society as we are what form it. By studying sociology we are able to understand others cultures, customs, traditions etc within the society. This is very important to us as it helps us to gain insight into certain groups both minorities and majorities this prevents us from making assumptions about people and makes it easier for us to accept people. Often when controversial topics arise the media uses this as a way of branding a particular part of society very negatively and as humans we sometimes get sucked into this then we find it co-exist with one other. Many people fail to see the importance of sociology with the belief that it is simply common sense, this is false. Living in a society doesn’t necessarily mean you know everything about it. â€Å"People who like to avoid shocking discoveries, who prefer to believe that society is just what they were taught in Sunday School, who like the safety of the rules and maxims of what Alfred Schultz has called ‘the world-taken-for-granted’, should stay away from sociology† (Berger 1963, 24). Naturally when asked what we believe to the ideal structured society we would say something like ‘everyone would be employed’ ‘’everyone would have a home’ etc. But if someone were to say that crime played an essential part in this ideal structured society you may think this would be absurd. However sociologists have found that without the identification of crime and the punishments that go along with it then society really wouldn’t be structured. This is true because without both of those things mentioned then people wouldn’t know what type of behaviour is tolerable or intolerable. Therefore crime does play a part in an ideal structured society. Sociology appears to only look at groups and not individuals, this is not true. Sociologists believe that individuals can’t be understood without being aware of the society that they live in e.g. You walk down a dark alley late at night your pace will be faster than you walking down a high street in the middle of the day. This may be caused by a number of reasons, from a young age you’ve been taught that it’s dangerous to be out late at night. This is referred to as primary socialisation and is sourced by the family. It is our family. It is our family that shapes into the view of what we consider is ‘normal’. There are more witnesses on a high  street so you would feel a lot more confident and comfortable. Another continuously proven theory is that men and women have different roles and responsibilities. Men are shown to be in control of business’ and high in power i.e. the government. 52 out of the 53 Prime Ministers the UK has seen have all been male. In certain situations males behaviour may be said to be overlooked. Aggression and Loud behaviour is tolerated by the males. However females still assume the role as bringing up the children and caring for people. According to the Nursing Times only 1 in 10 nurses in the UK are male which would mean that women would dominate that role. This does support the theory that the differences between males and females are through socialisation and this helps boys to become men and girls to become women. Human culture has been enriched through the contribution of sociology. According to Lowie ‘most of us harbour the comfortable delusion that our way of doing things is the only sensible if not only possible one’. This means that Sociology has given us training to have rational approach to questions concerning oneself, one’s religion, customs, and morals. This gives us the confidence to be able to decide whether or not we choose to practice a religion or not. It has further taught us to be objective and critical. This means we are able to give constructive criticism to our peers. It enables man to have better understanding both of ourselves and of others. By comparative study of societies and groups other than his existence, our lives have more meaning. Sociology also impresses upon us the necessity of overcoming narrow personal prejudices, ambitions and class hatred. This allows us to accept others as equals. The fact that few Muslims have been found to be terrorists does not mean that all Muslims should be treated as beneath us and be subjected to ridicule. The study of sociology can help us to view things differently, things we view as negative we may begin to see the other side of. A prime example would be suicide which we would associate with somebody that has some psychological problems. Although, Durkheim revealed in sociological study into suicide that our surroundings play a part in us making that decision to commit suicide and this could be anything from our relationships with the church to the one with we have with our family. This to me means that society influences certain decisions we make without us even knowing. Also as Straus once said ‘Taking a sociological perspective requires that we look beyond our individual experiences to better understand everyday life’ (Straus 1994). This allows us to look beyond the ‘social expectations’ and we then begin to learn from our experiences. Sociology has played a big part in how the government makes decisions and how they form rules and regulations. In 2011, the government made the harsh decision to abolish Education Maintenance Allowance (EMA) this meant students from the age of 16-18 would no longer be receiving a weekly allowance from the government. This decision affected each class of people, higher middle and lower. For lower class this may have meant they couldn’t help out at home with any necessary bills etc. For the middle and higher class they lost that extra bit of cash weekly. Sociology can be used as good teaching skills as Teachers can test students knowledge by reversing situations where they may need to apply their everyday knowledge which is an important skill to have. Bibliography http://www.sociologyguide.com/introduction-to-sociology/importance-of-sociology.php https://www.gov.uk/government/news/plans-to-end-the-education-maintenance-allowance-ema-programme http://durkheim.uchicago.edu/Summaries/suicide.html